Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) is a fast-growing leguminous crop with considerable potential to promote sustainable and resource-efficient agriculture. Beyond its traditional use as green manure, it contributes to biological nitrogen fixation, biomass production, nutrient recycling and soil organic matter enrichment.
Floral fragrance engineering integrates plant molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology to understand and improve scent in ornamental crops. Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chiefly terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, and fatty-acid derivatives, mediate pollinator attraction, defence, and ecological interactions. Commercial breeding has often prioritized colour, flower size, and vase life, contributing to reduced fragrance in some cultivars. This review summarizes major scent pathways, genes, analytical tools, and improvement strategies, including conventional breeding, genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and CRISPR-based editing. Recent crop studies illustrate opportunities and ecological considerations for developing fragrant, commercially valuable flowers.
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are destructive, polyphagous pests affecting diverse field, horticultural, and plantation crops worldwide. Their sap-sucking activity causes plant deformation, honeydew secretion, sooty mold development, and substantial yield losses.
Goat farming is a vital livelihood source for Indian smallholders, but post-weaning nutritional stress can impair growth and increase kid mortality. Cultivating Moringa oleifera along farm boundaries offers a low-cost, climate-resilient fodder resource.

Dr Shiva Dhar is a renowned researcher, working as Principal Scientist at ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute. Dr Shiva Dhar is a renowned researcher, working as Principal Scientist (Agronomy) at the Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi.
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Principal Scientist & Adjunct Professor Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001, Haryana, INDIA
dhruba.malakar@icar.gov.in
Head, Plant Protection Research Department Agriculture and Natural Research and Education centre of Gulestan Province, Iran
myounesabadi8@gmail.com
Scientist, Agronomy (FR & MC) Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001
Sanjeev.Kumar17@icar.gov.in
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