Abstract

India’s agrarian foundation rests upon its soil and water resources, both of which are increasingly threatened by overexploitation and climate variability. Integrated Water Management (IWM), particularly through watershed development programs, offers a holistic and sustainable response. This article examines how IWM - through rainwater harvesting, soil conservation, afforestation, and community involvement—has revitalized degraded lands and enhanced agricultural productivity. Drawing from successful interventions across drought-prone regions, the analysis demonstrates significant gains in water availability, crop yields, and rural livelihoods. The paper underscores the urgency of mainstreaming IWM to secure India's ecological and socio-economic future.