Abstract

The transition period in dairy cattle, spanning three weeks before and after calving, is vital for their long-term health and productivity. During this phase, cows experience significant metabolic and hormonal changes, making them prone to diseases like ketosis, milk fever, and mastitis. Effective management through proper nutrition, including energy-dense diets, calcium supplementation, and essential vitamins, helps prevent metabolic disorders. Regular health monitoring and post-calving care, such as ensuring colostrum intake, further enhance recovery and performance. Mastering this critical period optimizes milk yield, supports cow well-being, and ensures sustainable success in dairy farming.