Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for plant growth and plays an essential role in the energy transfer processes of crops. However, its efficient management is critical due to its limited availability and environmental concerns associated with its overuse. This article explores phosphorus management in agriculture, addressing the challenges of P availability, soil fertility, and environmental sustainability. It discusses strategies to optimize phosphorus use, including soil testing, balanced fertilization, crop rotation, and the use of phosphorus-efficient varieties. Sustainable phosphorus management is key to improving crop yields while reducing environmental impacts such as water pollution and soil degradation.