Abstract

Goat farming is a vital livelihood source for Indian smallholders, but post-weaning nutritional stress can impair growth and increase kid mortality. Cultivating Moringa oleifera along farm boundaries offers a low-cost, climate-resilient fodder resource. Supplementing goat kids with Moringa leaves during the transition from milk to solid feed may improve weight gain, rumen development, and immune function. This protein-rich supplement can reduce dependence on expensive commercial concentrates, lower feeding costs, promote healthier kids, accelerate market readiness, and enhance the profitability and sustainability of smallholder goat farming.