Global climate change significantly disrupts agricultural productivity by affecting key physiological and biochemical processes in crops. Elevated temperatures reduce photosynthetic efficiency, destabilize cellular membranes, impair protein functions, and hinder reproductive development, leading to yield losses in major crops like rice, wheat, and maize. This article explores mitigation strategies, including heat-tolerant crop breeding through genomic tools such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection. It highlights agronomic practices like adjusted planting schedules, conservation tillage, and optimized irrigation. Biotechnological innovations, including genetic engineering and plant growth regulators, further enhance resilience and safeguard food security.
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