Abstract

India's growing demand for critical minerals to support renewable energy, electric mobility, and advanced technologies has intensified concerns over import dependence. Phytomining, which uses hyperaccumulator plants to recover valuable metals from low-grade ores, mine wastes, and industrial residues, offers a sustainable alternative. Advances in plant biotechnology and metal recovery have expanded its potential beyond environmental remediation. In India, phytomining can complement conventional mining, restore degraded lands, enhance carbon sequestration, support rural livelihoods, and strengthen critical mineral security, contributing to a circular economy and the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.