Abstract

The assessment of soil fertility is vital for sustainable food production. Traditional soil testing methods are laborious and limited in spatial accuracy. Drone technology offers a transformative solution by enabling high-resolution, real-time monitoring through multispectral, hyperspectral, LiDAR, thermal, and RGB sensors. This paper discusses how drones assess nutrient distribution, moisture, organic matter, and pH variability. The integration of GIS, AI models, and machine learning enhances soil mapping and nutrient prediction. Despite challenges like high costs and regulatory hurdles, drones hold great promise for advancing precision agriculture and sustainable soil management.