Bioremediation utilizes microorganisms to remove pollutants, converting hazardous chemicals into non-hazardous products. Its effectiveness depends on factors such as the pollutant's chemical nature, contamination site, type of microorganisms, and environmental conditions. Microbial degradation occurs through specific metabolic pathways, relying on the capabilities of native bacteria, fungi, or plants. The success of bioremediation hinges on these microorganisms' inherent abilities and characteristics.
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