Genetically modified (GM) crops offer significant potential to enhance agricultural productivity, improve resistance to pests and diseases, and strengthen food security under changing climatic conditions. Although India has strong expertise in plant biotechnology, genomics, and biosafety assessment, commercial adoption of GM crops has progressed gradually. Major challenges include regulatory complexity, public perception, limited commercialization, coordination of field trials, monitoring of unauthorized cultivation, and regulation of imported GM products. Strengthening a transparent, science-based, and efficient regulatory framework will promote responsible innovation while ensuring biosafety and sustainable agricultural development.
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