Abstract

Atmospheric pollution is a growing threat to agricultural productivity and global food security. Pollutants such as ozone (O₃), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), ammonia (NH₃), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter impair crop growth by reducing photosynthesis, disrupting nutrient uptake, inducing oxidative stress, and lowering yields. Ozone is the most damaging pollutant, especially for cereals. Advances in remote sensing and crop modelling have enhanced monitoring, while sustainable mitigation requires emission control, climate–air quality integration, and pollution-resilient farming practices to protect crop productivity.