Abstract

Rising climate variability and increasing water scarcity demand innovative approaches to water management beyond traditional methods. Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern hydrology by integrating data science with hydraulic engineering to improve water resource management. AI supports predictive modelling of watersheds, precision irrigation in smart agriculture, and intelligent urban water networks. Applications such as satellite-based flood forecasting, machine learning, and automated monitoring systems enable proactive decision-making, reduce water losses, enhance resource-use efficiency, and strengthen resilience against climate-related challenges, ensuring sustainable management of this vital resource.